ASTM A350 LF2 Flange for Low Temperature Standard

ASTM A350 (ASME SA350) is the standard specification for carbon steel and low alloy steel forged flanges and flanged fittings for low temperature services.

Common use grade is ASTM A350 LF2 Class 1, corresponding material for piping in ASTM A333 Grade 6 and pipe fittings in ASTM A420 WPL6. With yield strength minimum 240 Mpa, and tensile strength in 480 Mpa to 655 Mpa, impact test temperature at -45℃.

Our Supply Range

Grades: ASTM A350/ ASME SA350 Grade LF2, LF1, LF3, LF5, LF6, LF9, LF787, Class 1, 2, 3
Outer Diameters: 1/2'' to 24'' in ASME B16.5, up to 60'' in ASME B16.47
Wall Thickness Schedule: SCH 10, SCH 40, SCH 160 comply with ASME B16.9
Pressure Class: Class 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500, 2500
Manufacturing Standards: ASME B16.5, ASME B16.47 A, B

Standards Scope

ASTM A350 covers several grades of carbon and low-alloy steel forged or ring-rolled flanges, forged fittings and valves intended primarily for low-temperature service and requiring notch toughness testing. They are made to specified dimensions, or to dimensional standards, such as the ASME and API Specifications referenced in Section 2. Although this specification covers some piping components machined from rolled bar and seamless tubular materials, it does not cover raw material produced in these product forms.

Product furnished in ASTM A350/ ASME SA350 shall conform to the requirements of Specification A961/A961M, including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with A961/A961M will be considered nonconformance with A350. And in case of conflict between ASTM A350 and A961/A961M, this specification shall prevail.

  • Weld Neck Flange

  • Blind Flange

  • Slip On Flange

    STM A350 Flange DatasheetASTM A350 Flange Datasheet

    Chemical Composition

    Mechanical Properties
    Tension Tests Requirements—The material shall conform to requirements for tensile properties in below table.

Heat Analysis and Product Analysis
A chemical heat analysis and product analysis in accordance with Specification A961/A961M shall be made and conform to the requirements as to chemical composition prescribed in this table. Leaded steels shall not be permitted. Product analysis

Impact Test Temperature under ASTM A350 Flanges
Test Specimens by 10mm x 10mm

Grade Test Temperature, ℉ [℃]
LF1 -20 [-29]
LF2 Class 1 -50 [-46]
LF2 Class 2 -0 [-18]
LF3, Classes 1 and 2 -150 [-101]
LF5, Classes 1 and 2 -75 [-59]
LF6, Classes 1 and 2 -60 [-51]
LF6 Class 3 0 [-18]
LF9 -100 [-73]
LF787 Class 2 -75 [-59]
LF787 Class 3 -100 [-73]

Impact test values: Charpy V-Notch Energy Requirements for specimens 10mm by 10mm.

Grade Minimum Impact Value for Average of 3 specimens, ft-lbf [J] Minimum Impact Value for One Specimen, ft-lbf [J]
LF1 and LF9 13 [18] 10 [14]
LF2 Class 1 15 [20] 12 [16]
LF3 Class 1 15 [20] 12 [16]
LF5 Class 1 and 2 15 [20] 12 [16]
LF787 Classes 2 and 3 15 [20] 12 [16]
LF6 Class 1 15 [20] 12 [16]
LF2 Class 2 20 [27] 15 [20]
LF3 Class 2 20 [27] 15 [20]
LF6 Classes 2 and 3 20 [27] 15 [20]

Referenced Documents

ASTM Standards:

  • A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements

  • A961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications
    ASME Standards:

  • B 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

  • B 16.9 Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Fittings

  • B 16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Ferrous Valves

  • B 16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded

  • B 16.30 Unfired Pressure Vessel Flange Dimensions

  • B 16.34 Valves-Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End

  • B 16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges

  • ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
    AWS Standards:

  • A 5.1 Mild Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes

  • A 5.5 Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes
    API Standards:

  • 600 Steel Gate Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends

  • 602 Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves for Refinery Use

  • 605 Large Diameter Carbon Steel Flanges

    Manufacture - Melting and Forging

    Melting Process - The steel shall be produced by any of the following primary processes: open-hearth, basic oxygen, electric-furnace, or vacuum-induction melting (VIM). The primary melting may incorporate separate degassing or refining, and may be followed by secondary melting using electroslag remelting (ESR), or vacuum-arc remelting (VAR).

Discard - A sufficient discard shall be made to secure freedom from injurious piping and undue segregation.

Forging Process
Material for forgings shall consist of ingots, or forged, rolled, or strand cast blooms, billets, slabs, or bars.

Heat Treatment

After hot working and before reheating for heat treatment, the forging shall be allowed to cool substantially below the transformation range.

Forgings grades except Grade LF787, should be heat treated in normalized, or normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered. By manufacturer's option, material that performed in quenched and tempered could be normalized prior to the austenitize/quenched operation.

No limitation on size is intended beyond the ability of the manufacturer to obtain the specified requirements. However, Class 3 of Grade LF787 is only available in the quenched-and-precipitation heat treated condition.

Hydro-static Test

Forgings manufactured under ASTM A350/ ASME SA350 shall be performed with a hydro-static test compatible with the rating of the finished item. Such tests shall be conducted by the manufacturer only when Supplementary Requirement S57 of Specification A961/A961M is specified.

Gao Yushan 发布于 2023-12-23 14:47
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ASTM A105 Flange Specification Standard

ASTM A105 is the standard specification for carbon steel forging flanges.

Standard Scope

ASTM A105 covers forged carbon steel flange and piping components for ambient and higher-temperature service in pressure systems. It also includes pipe fittings, valves and similar parts. The maximum weight manufactured forging part follows by this standard is 10000 bounds (4540kg). The larger forgings can according by the standard A 266/A266M. This specification do not covers tube sheets and hollow cylindrical forgings for pressure vessel shells .

This specification does not covers raw material which round bar and seamless tubular produced piping components.

Referenced documents

The following list of standard apply to these specification:

ASTM standards:

  • A266/A266M Specification for carbon steel forgings for pressure vessel components.
  • A675/A675M Specification for hot-rolled, special quality and mechanical properties, carbon steel bars.
  • A696 Specification for steel bars, carbon, hot-rolled or cold-finished,special quality, for pressure piping components.
  • A788/A788M Specification for steel forgings, general requirements.
  • A961/961M general requirements for steel flange, forging fittings, valve and parts for piping applications.

MSS standard:

  • SP44 Standard for steel pipe line flanges
    ASME Standard:

  • B16.5 Dimensional standard for steel pipe flanges and flanges fittings

  • B16.9 Wrought steel butt-welding fittings

  • B16.10 Face-to-face and end-to-end dimensions of ferrous valves

  • B16.11 Forged steel fittings, socket weld and threaded

  • B16.34 Valves connect by flanges, threaded and welding end

  • B16.47 Large diameter steel flanges

  • ASME boiler and pressure vessel code:
    API standard:

  • API-600 Flanged and butt-Welding-end steel gate valves

  • API-602 Compact design carbon steel gate valves for refinery use

Chemical Composition


A The sum of copper, nickel, chromium, molybdenum and vanadium shall not exceed 1.00%.
B The sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32%.

Mechanical Properties

Elongation

Terminology

For definitions of other terms used in this specification, find in specification A961/A961M.

Ordering information

See specification A961/A961M.

General requirements

If conflict between the requirements of this specification and Specification A961/A961M. Comply with this specification.

Heat treatment

Heat treatment is not required except for flanges above Class 300, flanges of special design where the design pressure or design temperature are not known and for items over 4" NPS and above Class 300. When heat treatment is required, annealing, normalizing, Normalize and temper, normalize and quench and tempering shall be the applied methods.

Welding

These components can be welded. Welding procedures must comply with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section IX.

Forging

ASTM A105 carbon steel can be forged at temperatures in the range of 2200 to 1700 F followed by quenching and tempering or normalizing.

Annealing

Forged parts can be cooled to below 1000 degrees Fahrenheit and then heated to between 1550 degrees Fahrenheit and 1,700 degrees Fahrenheit. Then carry out slow furnace cooling.

Hydro-static Test

Hydro-static Test shall be conducted by the forging manufacture only when Supplemental S57 of ASTM A961 is specified.

Gao Yushan 发布于 2023-12-23 14:30
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各种换气次数汇总

序号 系统类型 正常 事故 出处
1 燃油锅炉房（首层） ≮3 ≮6 建规10.3.17
2 燃气锅炉房（首层） ≮6 ≮12 建规10.3.17
3 燃气锅炉房，不工作时 不应＜3 燃气10.5.3
4 燃气锅炉房-半地下（室） ≮6 ≮12 锅规15.3.7
5 燃气锅炉房-地下（室） ≮12
6 燃气锅炉房-送入新风总量 必须＞3
7 燃气调压间 ≮3 ≮12 锅规15.3.8
8 燃油泵房（房间高度可按4m计） ≮12 锅规15.3.9
9 燃油地下油库（房间高度可按4m计） ≮6 锅规15.3.9
10 地下锅炉房直燃机房 ≥12 P338
11 P338
12 P338
13 P338
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21 蓄电池室 10~12
22 电梯机房 10
23 热力机房 6~12
24 担负一个防烟分区 60(单台风机不应小于7200m3/h) 高规8.4.2.1
25 室内净高大于6m且不划分防烟分区的空间
26 负担2个或以上防烟分区 120 高规8.4.2.2
27 负担一个防烟分区 ①担负一个或两个防烟分区排烟时，应按该部分面积每平方米不小于60m3/h计算，但排烟风机的最小排烟风量不应小于7200m3/h；②负担三个或三个以上防烟分区排烟时，应按其中最大防烟分区面积每平米不小于120m3/h计算 人防6.3.1
28 防烟楼梯间前室、消防电梯间前室 不应小于2m2 高规8.2.2建规9.2.2
29 合用前室 不应小于3m2
30 靠外墙的楼梯间，每5层 不应小于2m2
31 长度超过60m的内走道，房间 地面面积的2% 高规8.2.2建规9.2.2
32 中庭（高度小于12米） 地面面积的5%
33 其他场所 建筑面积的2%~5% 建规9.2.2
34 中庭（高度大于12m）
35 电子计算机机房 20~70
36 程控交换机机房 30~60
37 通讯机房 应不少于5次
38 多联机 不宜小于5次
39 洁净室 ≥40
40 人防地下室柴油电站控制室 ≥40
41 人防地下室柴油发电机房储油间 ≥5
42 夜间使用备用电源汽车车库排风量 允许降低为3次 P335
43 人防地下室汽车库 6
44 地下车库换气次数法计算时 排风量不小于6次，送风量不小于5次 层高小于3m，按实际体积；层高≥3m，按3m算换气体积 P335
45 中餐厨房 40~60
46 西餐厨房 30~40
47 职工餐厅厨房 25~35
48 人防物资库通风换气量 1~2次
49 暖风机供暖 不应小于1.5次
50 燃气红外辐射供暖使用室外空气界限 0.5次
51 汽车库 6
52 电影院、剧场观众厅 90m2/(hm2)，13次/h，取最大值
Gao Yushan 发布于 2023-12-17 19:55
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The Types of Pipe Joint

Threaded Joint（螺纹连接）
Soldering Joint（焊接）
Brazed Joint（钎焊黄铜链接）
Compression Joint（压缩街头）
Flanged Joint（法兰）
Grooved Joint（沟槽）
Socket Welded Joint（承插焊接）
Butt Welded Joint（对焊）

Socket or a Coupler Joint
Nipple Joint（对丝直接）
Union Joint（活接）
Spigot and Socket Joint（承插）
Expansion Joint（伸缩接）Exhaust Flex Joint
Flanged Joint（法兰连接）
Hydraulic Pipe Joint（类沟槽连接）

Gao Yushan 发布于 2023-12-10 19:57
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混凝土几个强度标准值之间的换算关系

一、立方体抗压强度标准值fcu,k

《混凝土结构设计规范》规定混凝土强度等级应按立方体抗压强度标准值确定，用符号fcu,k表示。即用上述标准试验方法测得的具有95%保证率的立方体抗压强度作为混凝土的强度等级，有C15,C20,…C80,共14个等级。例如C30表示立方体抗压强度标准值为30N/mm2

其中C50~C80属高强度混凝土范畴。

二、棱柱体抗压强度标准值fck

《混凝土结构设计规范》规定以上述棱柱体试件试验测得的具有95%保证率的抗压强度为混凝土轴心抗压强度标准值，用fck表示。

三、圆柱体抗压强度标准值fc’

圆柱体抗压强度也应属于轴心的抗压强度范畴，只不过它是外国的规范采用的，如美国，日本等等。

四、圆柱体抗压强度标准值与立方体抗压强度标准值的换算关系

在C60以下：fc’=0.79*fcu,k

C60：fc’=0.833*fcu,k

C70：fc’=0.857*fcu,k

C80：fc’=0.875*fcu,k

Gao Yushan 发布于 2023-12-4 12:27
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