[John Laurens]
The ten-dollar Founding Father without a father
Got a lot farther by working a lot harder
By being a lot smarter
By being a self-starter
By fourteen, they placed him in charge of a trading charter

[Thomas Jefferson]
And every day while slaves were being slaughtered and carted
Away across the waves, he struggled and kept his guard up
Inside, he was longing for something to be a part of
The brother was ready to beg, steal, borrow, or barter

[James Madison]
Then a hurricane came, and devastation reigned
Our man saw his future drip, dripping down the drain
Put a pencil to his temple, connected it to his brain
And he wrote his first refrain, a testament to his pain

[Burr]
Well, the word got around, they said, “This kid is insane, man”
Took up a collection just to send him to the mainland
“Get your education, don’t forget from whence you came, and
The world’s gonna know your name. What’s your name, man?”

[Alexander Hamilton]
Alexander Hamilton
My name is Alexander Hamilton
And there’s a million things I haven’t done
But just you wait, just you wait…

[Eliza Hamilton]
When he was ten his father split, full of it, debt-ridden
Two years later, see Alex and his mother bed-ridden
Half-dead sittin’ in their own sick, the scent thick

[Company]
And Alex got better but his mother went quick

[George Washington&Company]
Moved in with a cousin, the cousin committed suicide
Left him with nothin’ but ruined pride, something new inside
A voice saying
“Alex, you gotta fend for yourself.”
He started retreatin’ and readin’ every treatise on the shelf

[Burr&Company]
There would have been nothin’ left to do
For someone less astute
He woulda been dead or destitute
Without a cent of restitution
Started workin’, clerkin’ for his late mother’s landlord
Tradin’ sugar cane and rum and all the things he can’t afford
Scammin’ for every book he can get his hands on
Plannin’ for the future see him now as he stands on (ooh)
The bow of a ship headed for a new land
In New York you can be a new man

[Hamliton&Company]
In New York you can be a new man (Just you wait)
In New York you can be a new man (Just you wait)
In New York you can be a new man
In New York, New York
Just you wait!

[Company]
Alexander Hamilton (Alexander Hamilton)
We are waiting in the wings for you (waiting in the wings for you)
You could never back down
You never learned to take your time!
Oh, Alexander Hamilton (Alexander Hamilton)
When America sings for you
Will they know what you overcame?
Will they know you rewrote the game?
The world will never be the same, oh

[Burr&Company]
The ship is in the harbor now
See if you can spot him
Just you wait
Another immigrant
Comin’ up from the bottom
Just you wait
His enemies destroyed his rep
America forgot him

[Mulligan/Madison&Lafayette/Jefferson]
We fought with him

[Laurens/Philip]
Me? I died for him

[Washington]
Me? I trusted him

[Eliza&Angelica&Peggy/Maria]
Me? I loved him

[Burr]
And me? I’m the damn fool that shot him

[Company]
There’s a million things I haven’t done
But just you wait!

[Burr]
What’s your name, man?

[Company]
Alexander Hamilton!

NEW YORK CITY
JUNE 2016
RICHARD RODGERS THEATRE

ACT 1

1. “Alexander Hamilton” – Burr, Laurens, Jefferson, Madison, Hamilton, Eliza, Washington
2. “Aaron Burr, Sir” – Hamilton, Burr, Laurens, Lafayette, and Mulligan
3. “My Shot” – Hamilton, Laurens, Lafayette, Mulligan, Burr
4. “The Story of Tonight” – Hamilton, Laurens, Mulligan, Lafayette
5. “The Schuyler Sisters” – Angelica, Eliza, Peggy, Burr
6. “Farmer Refuted” – Seabury, Hamilton, Burr
7. “You’ll Be Back” – King George III
8. “Right Hand Man” – Washington, Hamilton, Burr
9. “A Winter’s Ball” – Burr, Hamilton
10. “Helpless” – Eliza
11. “Satisfied” – Angelica
12. “The Story of Tonight (Reprise)” – Laurens, Mulligan, Lafayette, Hamilton, and Burr
13. “Wait for It” – Burr
14. “Stay Alive” – Hamilton, Washington, Laurens, Lafayette, Mulligan, Lee, Eliza, Angelica
15. “Ten Duel Commandments” – Laurens, Hamilton, Lee, Burr
16. “Meet Me Inside” – Hamilton, Burr, Laurens, Washington
17. “That Would Be Enough” – Eliza, Hamilton
18. “Guns and Ships” – Burr, Lafayette, Washington
19. “History Has Its Eyes on You” – Washington, Hamilton
20. “Yorktown (The World Turned Upside Down)” – Hamilton, Lafayette, Laurens, Mulligan, Washington
21. “What Comes Next?” – King George III
22. “Dear Theodosia” – Burr and Hamilton
23. “Non-Stop” – Burr, Hamilton, Angelica, Eliza, Washington
    ACT 2
24. “What’d I Miss?” – Jefferson, Burr, Madison
25. “Cabinet Battle #1” – Washington, Jefferson, Hamilton, Madison
26. “Take a Break” – Eliza, Philip, Hamilton, Angelica
27. “Say No to This” – Maria Reynolds, Burr, Hamilton, James Reynolds
28. “The Room Where It Happens” – Burr, Hamilton, Jefferson, Madison
29. “Schuyler Defeated” – Philip, Eliza, Hamilton, Burr
30. “Cabinet Battle #2” – Washington, Jefferson, Hamilton, Madison
31. “Washington on Your Side” – Burr, Jefferson, Madison
32. “One Last Time” – Washington, Hamilton
33. “I Know Him” – King George III
34. “The Adams Administration” – Burr, Jefferson, Hamilton, Madison
35. “We Know” – Hamilton, Jefferson, Burr, Madison
36. “Hurricane” – Hamilton
37. “The Reynolds Pamphlet” – Jefferson, Madison, Burr, Hamilton, Angelica, James Reynolds
38. “Burn” – Eliza
39. “Blow Us All Away” – Philip, Martha, Dolly, Eacker, Hamilton
40. “Stay Alive (Reprise)” – Hamilton, Philip, Eliza
41. “It’s Quiet Uptown” – Angelica, Hamilton, Eliza
42. “The Election of 1800” – Jefferson, Madison, Burr, Hamilton
43. “Your Obedient Servant” – Burr, Hamilton
44. “Best of Wives and Best of Women” – Eliza, Hamilton
45. “The World Was Wide Enough” – Burr, Hamilton
46. “Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Tells Your Story” – Eliza

1. Applicable Standards

2. Key Technical Differences

3. Major Differences Summary

(1) Fire Resistance Performance

• UL 555 requires fire dampers to maintain structural integrity for 1.5 or 3 hours, whereas GB 15930 requires only 1.0 or 1.5 hours.
• UL 555 fire testing follows UL 263, simulating real-world fire conditions inside duct systems, while GB 15930 uses a national fire testing furnace.

(2) Smoke Leakage Classification

• UL 555S has Class I, II, III ratings, with Class I allowing a maximum leakage of 8 cfm (~13.6 m³/h) per square foot.
• GB/T 17428 has A, B, C levels, with the strictest level A allowing ≤200 m³/(㎡·h), which is a more lenient requirement compared to UL.

(3) Automatic Closure Mechanism

• UL 555/555S primarily use electric or mechanical actuators for automatic closure and can reset multiple times.
• GB 15930 relies on a thermal fuse (70°C or 280°C) for closure, which is usually a one-time activation mechanism.

(4) Airflow Speed Testing

• UL 555S requires dampers to close at airflow speeds of 2000-4000 fpm (10-20 m/s) to ensure functionality in HVAC systems.
• GB 15930 tests dampers at 15 m/s, with no strict requirement for higher airflow speeds.

(5) Product Lifespan Requirements

• UL 555S mandates a durability test with 20,000 open-close cycles, ensuring long-term reliability.
• GB/T 17428 only requires 1,000 cycles, meaning the product is not expected to last as long in repeated operations.

4. Summary Table

Key Takeaways:

✅ UL 555/555S focuses on stricter fire resistance, airflow adaptation, and automation, making it more suitable for complex HVAC systems.
✅ GB 15930/GB/T 17428 focuses on smoke/fire prevention in exhaust ducts, with looser leakage and durability requirements.
✅ For export to UL markets, manufacturers must enhance high-temperature endurance, airtightness, and remote control capabilities.

The International Code Council (ICC) publishes a variety of model codes. Two of these code books I would like to talk about is the International Building Code (IBC) and the International Residential Code (IRC).

Many people get these two confused and that is quite common. Many times I hear people explain it such that the International Building Code (IBC) is the code book for commercial construction and the International Residential Code (IRC) is the code book for residential construction. This is NOT true.

It is important to know which code book your project is subject to so that the correct regulations are applied. In order to understand this, we must look to the code book themselves.

IBC Scoping vs. IRC Scoping

First off lets look at the International Residential Code (IRC). In order to understand what type of projects fall under the IRC, we must take a look at the scoping section within chapter 1.

Scope of the 2021 International Residential Code (IRC)

Section R101.2 specifies that the provisions of the International Residential Code (IRC) shall apply to detached one-and-two family dwellings and townhouses not more than three stories above grade plane in height with a separate means of egress and their accessory structures not more than three stories above grade plane in height.

Illustration: © Building Code Trainer, 2020-2023

By this code section you can see what falls under the scope of the International Residential Code (IRC) provisions. As for the International Building Code (IBC), let us look at the scoping section within chapter 1 of the IBC.

Scope of the 2021 International Building Code (IBC)

Section 101.2 specifies that the provisions of the International Building Code (IBC) shall apply to every building or structure or any appurtenances connected or attached to such buildings or structures.

As you can see the scope of this code covers every building, however there is an EXCEPTION. The exception states the following:

Detached one-and-two family dwellings and townhouses not more than three stories above grade plane in height with a separate means of egress and their accessory structures not more than three stories above grade plane in height shall comply with the International Residential Code (IRC).

Therefore you can see that the International Building Code (IBC) covers all types of buildings other than those buildings that are subject to the International Residential Code (IRC). For example a detached residential 2-family dwelling structure is subject to the IRC while a detached residential 3-family dwelling structure (not a townhouse) is subject to the IBC.

Another example is a townhouse. A townhouse 3 stories above grade plane is subject to the provisions of the International Residential Code (IRC) while a townhouse 4 stories above grade plane is subject to the provisions of the International Building Code (IBC).

You can see in these examples that residential projects can be subject to the IBC if the project falls outside of the IRC provisions.

When a building does not conform to the prescriptive provisions of the IRC, the building and/or structure is then beyond the scope of the code and the provisions of the IRC cannot be applied and therefore the building must then meet the provisions of the IBC.

Intent of the Code

While the provisions of each code can differ, the intent or purpose of the code is the same: To establish the minimum requirements to provide a reasonable level of public safety, public health, general welfare, and safety to life and property from fire and other hazards attributed to the built environment and to provide safety to fire fighters and emergency responders during emergency operations.

In Summary

The International Residential Code (IRC) applies to the following:

1.Detached one-and-two family dwellings

2.Townhouses not more than three stories above grade plane in height with a separate means of egress.

3.Accessory structures to IRC structures not more than three stories above grade plane in height.

The International Building Code (IBC) applies to all buildings or structures that do not conform to the prescriptive provisions of the International Residential Code (IRC).

Habitable Rooms

As stated in section R303.1, Habitable Rooms are required to provide a minimum amount of aggregate glazing area, such as windows, to satisfy the lighting requirement and a minimum amount of openings to the outside to satisfy the natural ventilation requirement.

What is considered a Habitable Room per the Residential Code?

In order to know what is considered a Habitable room, we must look to the definitions found in Chapter 2 of the International Residential Code (IRC).

The IRC defines a Habitable Space as “A space in a building for living, sleeping, eating or cooking. Bathrooms, toilet rooms, closets, halls, storage or utility spaces and similar areas are not considered habitable spaces.”

Therefore given the above definition, the following rooms are considered Habitable:

• Bedrooms
• Living Rooms
• Dining Rooms
• Kitchens
• Family Rooms/Den
• Similar Areas

These spaces are occupied for the majority of the time. Even though toilet rooms, closets, hallway, and similar areas can also be occupied, these spaces are typically considered accessory to the main use and are used when the habitable spaces are occupied.

Now even though Bathrooms are not considered a Habitable Space by the code, there still are some light and ventilation requirements for Bathrooms which we will discuss later below.

Natural Light Calculation Requirements

The aggregate glazing area for a Habitable Room shall not be less than 8 percent of the floor area of the room.

So basically all of the glazing provided in a room added up shall not be less than 8 percent of the rooms floor area. For example if two windows are provided in a bedroom, the size of both windows added together must not be less than 8 percent of the rooms square footage. Lets run through a quick example to better understand this concept.

Lighting Calculation Example

Lets say a 120 square foot Bedroom is provided with a 4’x4′ sliding window:

120 sq.ft. x 8% = 9.6 sq.ft. of glazing area required.

4 x 4 = 16 sq.ft. of glazing provided.

16 sq.ft. provided > 9.6 sq.ft. required OK

Natural Ventilation Calculation Requirements

Habitable rooms must provide openings that total no less than 4 percent of the floor area of the room being ventilated. The openable area shall be open to the outdoors, not another room. These openings can be provided through windows, skylights, doors, louvers, or other approved methods that open to the outside air.

These openings must be easily accessed or readily controllable by the building user. The code does not require these types of openings to remain open constantly but instead that they remain operable and available to the building user when needed.

Lets run through a quick example to better understand this concept.

Natural Ventilation Calculation Example
Lets use the same example above and say a 120 square foot Bedroom is provided with a 4’x4′ sliding window. For the purpose of this example lets say the sliding window is 50% operable, meaning half the window is fixed and other half operable.

120 sq.ft. x 4% = 4.8 sq.ft. of glazing area required.

4 x 4 = 16 sq.ft. of glazing provided.

16 sq.ft. x 50% = 8 sq.ft. operable opening

8 sq.ft. provided > 4.8 sq.ft. required OK

Here’s a graphic of what the above examples visually looks like:

Generally this is how you calculate the natural light and ventilation for habitable rooms. Section R303.1 does have some exceptions regarding the use of artificial lighting and mechanical ventilation which you can read about HERE.

Light and Vent Calculation for Adjoining Rooms

What happens when you have two room adjoining each other? How do you calculate the required light and ventilation for the two rooms?

Or what if a room does not have enough light and ventilation, can you use the light and ventilation provided by the adjacent room?

The answer to these questions can be found in Section R303.2 of the IRC. When trying to determine the light and ventilation requirements for a room, an adjoining room can be considered as a portion of the room first room when the opening between them complies with this Section of the code.

The opening in the common wall between the two rooms must not be less than half of the area of the wall and shall not be less than 1/10 of the floor area of the interior room but at no point less than 25 square feet in area.

Just to recap the opening in the common wall must be:

• Not less than half of the wall area
• Not less than 1/10 of the floor area of the interior room
• Not less than 25 square feet in area

The opening in the wall must meet these parameters in order for two rooms to be considered as one. The opening must also be unobstructed.

Lets run through a quick example to better understand this concept.

Light and Vent Calculation Example for Adjoining Rooms

Lets say a 176 square foot Living Room and a 160 square foot Dining Room share a common wall with an opening adjoining both rooms. The area of the common wall is 128 square feet and the opening within the wall is 84 square feet. Calculate the required light and ventilation for both rooms and check to see if the opening in the common wall is large enough for one room to borrow light and vent from the other.

First off lets check to see if the opening between the two rooms is large enough to borrow light and vent from one another.

Wall Area: 16 ft. length x 8 ft. height = 128 sq.ft.

Opening Area: 12 ft. length x 7 ft. height = 84 sq.ft.

Let run through the 3 checks as outline in Section R303.2

1. Not less than half of the wall area: 128 sq.ft. / 2 = 64 sq.ft. required < 84 sq.ft. provided OK
2. Not less than 1/10 of the floor area of the interior room: 176 sq.ft. / 10 = 17.6 sq.ft. required < 84 sq.ft. provided OK
3. Not less than 25 square feet in area: 25 sq.ft. required < 84 sq.ft. provided OK

All 3 requirements check out which means the opening in the adjoining wall is large enough for the two rooms to borrow light and ventilation from each other.

Now lets see if there is enough Light and Ventilation provided for both these rooms.

Natural Light

Living Room: 176 sq.ft. x 8% = 14.1 sq.ft. of glazing required.

Dining Room: 160 sq.ft. x 8% = 12.8 sq.ft. of glazing required.

Natural Ventilation

Living Room: 176 sq.ft. x 4% = 7.0 sq.ft. of operable opening required.

Dining Room: 160 sq.ft. x 4% = 6.4 sq.ft. of operable opening required.

Now that we know what is required, see the graphic below visually showing the example above and see how much Light and Ventilation is provided.

Generally this is how you calculate the natural light and ventilation for adjoining habitable rooms that share a common wall with an opening. Section R303.2 does have some exceptions regarding rooms that open into a sunroom which you can read about HERE.

Bathroom Light and Ventilation

Even though bathrooms are not considered a habitable room, the code has a separate light and ventilation requirement for them. Section R303.3 requires bathrooms, water closets and other similar rooms to be provided with an aggregate glazing area via a window that is not less than 3 square feet to have enough natural light coming in and at least one-half of the window area must be openable to have enough natural ventilation coming in.

For example a 2’x1′ window in a bathroom would not comply because it is less than 3 square feet. If a 4’x2′ window is used, it will comply since it has an aggregate glazing area of 8 square feet, however 4 square feet of it must be openable to meet the ventilation requirement of section R303.3.

Generally this is how you calculate the natural light and ventilation for bathrooms. Section R303.3 does have some exceptions regarding the use of artificial lighting and mechanical ventilation which you can read about HERE.

Summary of Light and Ventilation Requirements

Lets quickly recap the Light and Ventilation requirements per the International Residential Code (IRC):

1. The aggregate glazing area for a Habitable Room shall not be less than 8 percent of the floor area of the room.
2. Habitable rooms must provide openings that total no less than 4 percent of the floor area of the room being ventilated.
3. An adjoining room can be considered as a portion of the room first room when the opening between them is:
   • Not less than half of the wall area
   • Not less than 1/10 of the floor area of the interior room
   • Not less than 25 square feet in area
4. Bathrooms, water closets and other similar rooms to be provided with an aggregate glazing area via a window that is not less than 3 square feet to have enough natural light coming in and at least one-half of the window area must be openable.

Common use grade is ASTM A350 LF2 Class 1, corresponding material for piping in ASTM A333 Grade 6 and pipe fittings in ASTM A420 WPL6. With yield strength minimum 240 Mpa, and tensile strength in 480 Mpa to 655 Mpa, impact test temperature at -45℃.

Our Supply Range

Grades: ASTM A350/ ASME SA350 Grade LF2, LF1, LF3, LF5, LF6, LF9, LF787, Class 1, 2, 3
Outer Diameters: 1/2'' to 24'' in ASME B16.5, up to 60'' in ASME B16.47
Wall Thickness Schedule: SCH 10, SCH 40, SCH 160 comply with ASME B16.9
Pressure Class: Class 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500, 2500
Manufacturing Standards: ASME B16.5, ASME B16.47 A, B

Standards Scope

ASTM A350 covers several grades of carbon and low-alloy steel forged or ring-rolled flanges, forged fittings and valves intended primarily for low-temperature service and requiring notch toughness testing. They are made to specified dimensions, or to dimensional standards, such as the ASME and API Specifications referenced in Section 2. Although this specification covers some piping components machined from rolled bar and seamless tubular materials, it does not cover raw material produced in these product forms.

Product furnished in ASTM A350/ ASME SA350 shall conform to the requirements of Specification A961/A961M, including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with A961/A961M will be considered nonconformance with A350. And in case of conflict between ASTM A350 and A961/A961M, this specification shall prevail.

• Weld Neck Flange

• Blind Flange

• Slip On Flange

  STM A350 Flange DatasheetASTM A350 Flange Datasheet

  Chemical Composition
  
  Mechanical Properties
  Tension Tests Requirements—The material shall conform to requirements for tensile properties in below table.

Heat Analysis and Product Analysis
A chemical heat analysis and product analysis in accordance with Specification A961/A961M shall be made and conform to the requirements as to chemical composition prescribed in this table. Leaded steels shall not be permitted. Product analysis

Impact Test Temperature under ASTM A350 Flanges
Test Specimens by 10mm x 10mm

Impact test values: Charpy V-Notch Energy Requirements for specimens 10mm by 10mm.

Referenced Documents

ASTM Standards:

• A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements

• A961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications
  ASME Standards:

• B 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

• B 16.9 Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Fittings

• B 16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Ferrous Valves

• B 16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded

• B 16.30 Unfired Pressure Vessel Flange Dimensions

• B 16.34 Valves-Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End

• B 16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges

• ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
  AWS Standards:

• A 5.1 Mild Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes

• A 5.5 Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes
  API Standards:

• 600 Steel Gate Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends

• 602 Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves for Refinery Use

• 605 Large Diameter Carbon Steel Flanges

  Manufacture - Melting and Forging

  Melting Process - The steel shall be produced by any of the following primary processes: open-hearth, basic oxygen, electric-furnace, or vacuum-induction melting (VIM). The primary melting may incorporate separate degassing or refining, and may be followed by secondary melting using electroslag remelting (ESR), or vacuum-arc remelting (VAR).

Discard - A sufficient discard shall be made to secure freedom from injurious piping and undue segregation.

Forging Process
Material for forgings shall consist of ingots, or forged, rolled, or strand cast blooms, billets, slabs, or bars.

Heat Treatment

After hot working and before reheating for heat treatment, the forging shall be allowed to cool substantially below the transformation range.

Forgings grades except Grade LF787, should be heat treated in normalized, or normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered. By manufacturer's option, material that performed in quenched and tempered could be normalized prior to the austenitize/quenched operation.

No limitation on size is intended beyond the ability of the manufacturer to obtain the specified requirements. However, Class 3 of Grade LF787 is only available in the quenched-and-precipitation heat treated condition.

Hydro-static Test

Forgings manufactured under ASTM A350/ ASME SA350 shall be performed with a hydro-static test compatible with the rating of the finished item. Such tests shall be conducted by the manufacturer only when Supplementary Requirement S57 of Specification A961/A961M is specified.

Standard Scope

ASTM A105 covers forged carbon steel flange and piping components for ambient and higher-temperature service in pressure systems. It also includes pipe fittings, valves and similar parts. The maximum weight manufactured forging part follows by this standard is 10000 bounds (4540kg). The larger forgings can according by the standard A 266/A266M. This specification do not covers tube sheets and hollow cylindrical forgings for pressure vessel shells .

This specification does not covers raw material which round bar and seamless tubular produced piping components.

Referenced documents

The following list of standard apply to these specification:

ASTM standards:

• A266/A266M Specification for carbon steel forgings for pressure vessel components.
• A675/A675M Specification for hot-rolled, special quality and mechanical properties, carbon steel bars.
• A696 Specification for steel bars, carbon, hot-rolled or cold-finished,special quality, for pressure piping components.
• A788/A788M Specification for steel forgings, general requirements.
• A961/961M general requirements for steel flange, forging fittings, valve and parts for piping applications.

MSS standard:

• SP44 Standard for steel pipe line flanges
  ASME Standard:

• B16.5 Dimensional standard for steel pipe flanges and flanges fittings

• B16.9 Wrought steel butt-welding fittings

• B16.10 Face-to-face and end-to-end dimensions of ferrous valves

• B16.11 Forged steel fittings, socket weld and threaded

• B16.34 Valves connect by flanges, threaded and welding end

• B16.47 Large diameter steel flanges

• ASME boiler and pressure vessel code:
  API standard:

• API-600 Flanged and butt-Welding-end steel gate valves

• API-602 Compact design carbon steel gate valves for refinery use

Chemical Composition

A The sum of copper, nickel, chromium, molybdenum and vanadium shall not exceed 1.00%.
B The sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32%.

Mechanical Properties

Elongation

Terminology

For definitions of other terms used in this specification, find in specification A961/A961M.

Ordering information

See specification A961/A961M.

General requirements

If conflict between the requirements of this specification and Specification A961/A961M. Comply with this specification.

Heat treatment

Heat treatment is not required except for flanges above Class 300, flanges of special design where the design pressure or design temperature are not known and for items over 4" NPS and above Class 300. When heat treatment is required, annealing, normalizing, Normalize and temper, normalize and quench and tempering shall be the applied methods.

Welding

These components can be welded. Welding procedures must comply with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section IX.

Forging

ASTM A105 carbon steel can be forged at temperatures in the range of 2200 to 1700 F followed by quenching and tempering or normalizing.

Annealing

Forged parts can be cooled to below 1000 degrees Fahrenheit and then heated to between 1550 degrees Fahrenheit and 1,700 degrees Fahrenheit. Then carry out slow furnace cooling.

Hydro-static Test

Hydro-static Test shall be conducted by the forging manufacture only when Supplemental S57 of ASTM A961 is specified.

Socket or a Coupler Joint
Nipple Joint（对丝直接）
Union Joint（活接）
Spigot and Socket Joint（承插）
Expansion Joint（伸缩接）Exhaust Flex Joint
Flanged Joint（法兰连接）
Hydraulic Pipe Joint（类沟槽连接）

《混凝土结构设计规范》规定混凝土强度等级应按立方体抗压强度标准值确定，用符号fcu,k表示。即用上述标准试验方法测得的具有95%保证率的立方体抗压强度作为混凝土的强度等级，有C15,C20,…C80,共14个等级。例如C30表示立方体抗压强度标准值为30N/mm2

其中C50~C80属高强度混凝土范畴。

二、棱柱体抗压强度标准值fck

《混凝土结构设计规范》规定以上述棱柱体试件试验测得的具有95%保证率的抗压强度为混凝土轴心抗压强度标准值，用fck表示。

三、圆柱体抗压强度标准值fc’

圆柱体抗压强度也应属于轴心的抗压强度范畴，只不过它是外国的规范采用的，如美国，日本等等。

四、圆柱体抗压强度标准值与立方体抗压强度标准值的换算关系

在C60以下：fc’=0.79*fcu,k

C60：fc’=0.833*fcu,k

C70：fc’=0.857*fcu,k

C80：fc’=0.875*fcu,k

1. 备份注册表 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\FontLink\SystemLink
2. 找到Segoe UI>Modify>把下边这两行字体放到最前边

MSYH.TTC,Microsoft YaHei UI,128,96
MSYH.TTC,Microsoft YaHei UI

3. 重启

如果不行，接着：

1. 备份注册表 Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Fonts
2. 删除 Microsoft JhengHei （繁中）开头的3个键、Malgun（韩文）开头的3个键和 Yu Gothic（日文） 开头的4个键
3. 重启

Value name: Value data
Malgun Gothic (TrueType):malgun.ttf
Malgun Gothic Bold (TrueType):malgunbd.ttf
Malgun Gothic SemiLight (TrueType):malgunsl.ttf

Microsoft JhengHei & Microsoft JhengHei UI (TrueType):msjh.ttc
Microsoft JhengHei Bold & Microsoft JhengHei UI Bold (TrueType):msjhbd.ttc
Microsoft JhengHei Light & Microsoft JhengHei UI Light (TrueType):msjhl.ttc

Yu Gothic Bold & Yu Gothic UI Semibold & Yu Gothic UI Bold (TrueType):YuGothB.ttc
Yu Gothic Light & Yu Gothic UI Light (TrueType):YuGothL.ttc
Yu Gothic Medium & Yu Gothic UI Regular (TrueType):YuGothM.ttc
Yu Gothic Regular & Yu Gothic UI Semilight (TrueType):YuGothR.ttc

What Is a Washer?

A washer is a type of disc-shaped fastener with a hole in the center. They are typically used to distribute the load of a threaded fastener, such as a bolt. You can slide a bolt through the hollow center of a washer, after which you can twist or otherwise install the bolt on an object. The washer will then distribute the bolt’s load across its disc-shaped surface.

Common types of washers include the following:

• Plain washers
• Spring washers
• Locking washers
• Torque washers
• Cupped washers
• Toothed washers
• Tab washers
• Wedge lock washers

What Is a Gasket?

A gasket is a sealing device that’s used to prevent leaks around the mating surface where two or more objects meet. They typically aren’t used with fasteners. Rather, gaskets are used with machines and machinery components. Gaskets are designed to prevent substances from leaking around the mating surface of various objects. Machines often have passages through which air, oil, coolant or other fluids and gases travel. The mating surfaces between these passages are equipped with a gasket to prevent them from leaking.

Common types of gaskets include the following:

• Spiral-wound gaskets
• Constant seating gaskets
• Flange gaskets
• Soft-cut gaskets

Differences Between Washers and Gaskets

Washers and gaskets are the same. Washers are used to distribute the load of a threaded fastener, whereas gaskets are used to prevent leaks around mating surfaces. Most washers won’t prevent fluids or gases from leaking; they will only distribute the load of the fastener with which they are used. For sealing applications, you’ll need to use a gasket.

The size and shape of washers also differ from that of gaskets. Most types of washers consist of a uniform circular shape. This circular shape allows them to fit into bolts. They are also relatively small as well. Washers must be small enough to accommodate a bolt. Gaskets aren’t used with bolts. Therefore, they are available in a wider range of sizes and shapes.

Both washers and gaskets are available in different materials. With that said, washers are almost always made of metal. You can find them in aluminum, carbon steel, stainless steel, copper, brass and more. In comparison, gaskets are available in metals and metal alloys as well as rubber and other synthetic materials.

This typically refers to the fixed, built-in components in a bathroom, such as the toilet, bathtub, sink, showerhead, and faucets.
These are permanent and not easily replaced components in the bathroom, usually closely integrated with the structural design.
Bathroom fixtures are crucial for the fundamental functionality and layout of a bathroom.

Bathroom Accessories:
This usually refers to additional items or smaller items in the bathroom, such as towel racks, soap dishes, toothbrush holders, shower curtains, mirrors, etc.
These accessories are often movable and serve purposes related to decoration, organization, and convenience.
Bathroom accessories play a key role in enhancing the decor and personalization of the bathroom.
In summary, "bathroom fixtures" are the fixed, essential components of a bathroom, while "bathroom accessories" are the supplementary items and decorative elements. Together, they provide both functionality and aesthetics to the bathroom.

Closed drain（封闭式排水系统）是一种设计用于收集和排放污水的系统，其中污水通过管道被输送到下水道或污水处理厂。这种系统通常是封闭的，污水在管道中流动，以避免对环境造成污染。封闭式排水系统采取预防措施，以确保污水不会外溢或渗漏到土壤或地下水中。

Open drain（开放式排水系统），也称为表面排水系统，是一种排水系统，污水通过开放的渠道或沟渠直接流入河流、湖泊或其他水体。开放式排水系统通常用于农田排水或大型公共区域的排水，而不是用于处理家庭污水。

Domestic sewage（家庭污水）是指来自住宅、家庭、公共建筑等日常生活活动产生的污水。这包括厕所、浴室、厨房和洗衣房等产生的废水。家庭污水通常包含有机物、废水、固体废物和其他污染物。处理家庭污水是确保公共卫生和环境保护的重要措施。

因此，closed and open drain指的是排水系统的设计和方式，而domestic sewage指的是产生于家庭生活中的污水。这两个概念之间的区别在于排水系统的形式和用途，而不是污水本身。

一、场地表面排水法

　　这是普遍使用的方法，也是非常重要的方法，足球场人造草坪靠着足球场的纵向及横向坡度，将降雨的水排出场外，其效果可排除足球场人造草坪雨水的多半部分，所以要求足球场人造草坪设计坡度值和施工准确度的准确性是很严格的。当前足球场人造草坪大量修建，在基层施工时更要操作细致，标准严格，否则积水排不出去带来的问题很难解决。

二、基层渗排法

　　基层渗排法靠两方面排水、一是地表排水后的余水，经松散的基层土壤渗到地下，同时经过基层内的盲沟，排出场外的排水沟中。另一方面也能将地下水隔离，保持地表的自然含水量，对于足球场人造草坪，这是非常重要的。基层渗排法，虽然好，但对工程材料规格和施工操作技术要求很严，否则将起不到渗排的作用，甚至成了滞水层。

三、强制排水法

　　强制排水法是在基层里，设置一定量的滤水管，滤水管做法。它是通过水泵的真空作用，将基层中的水加速吸入滤水管中而排到场外，属于强排水系统。在有条件的足球场人造草坪组建成“三位一体”的排水系统使得足球场能在大雨天可以进行比赛。​​

　　综上所述，足球场人造草坪排水的方法有很多，做好足球场人造草坪排水工作，可以使足球场长期使用。

Due to the large area of the football field, and I want to use the field as soon as possible after the rain, the drainage system of the artificial turf of the football field is very important, and long-term water accumulation will also affect the life of the artificial turf of the football field. Let me introduce you to several drainage methods.

First, the site surface drainage method

This is a commonly used method, but also a very important method, football field artificial turf relying on the longitudinal and transverse slope of the football field, the rainfall water is discharged outside the field, its effect can exclude most of the artificial turf rainwater of the football field, so the accuracy of the design slope value and construction accuracy of the football field artificial turf is very strict. At present, a large number of artificial turf of football stadiums are built, and the operation must be meticulous and the standards are strict during the construction of the grassroots level, otherwise it is difficult to solve the problems caused by the inability to drain the stagnant water.

Second, the base layer seepage method

The base infiltration method relies on two aspects of drainage, one is the residual water after surface drainage, which seeps into the ground through the loose base soil, and at the same time passes through the blind ditch in the base layer and is discharged into the drainage ditch outside the site. On the other hand, it can also isolate groundwater and maintain the natural water content of the surface, which is very important for artificial turf of football fields. Although the base layer seepage method is good, it has strict requirements for engineering material specifications and construction operation technology, otherwise it will not play the role of seepage, and even become a stagnant water layer.

Last, Compulsory drainage law

　　The compulsory drainage method is to set up a certain amount of water filter pipes in the grassroots level, and the practice of water filter pipes. It is through the vacuum action of the water pump, the water in the base layer is accelerated into the filter pipe and discharged to the outside of the site, which belongs to a strong drainage system. In the conditional football field, the artificial turf forms a "trinity" drainage system, so that the football field can play in heavy rain.

To sum up, there are many ways to drain the artificial turf of the football field, and doing a good job of the artificial turf drainage of the football field can make the football field long-term use.

人造草坪标准足球场工程施工规范

一足球场地人工草皮标准规范及规定：
1、用材表明：
人造草坪选用50毫米站立型人造草（拉丝草），草内充滚磨石英砂10-20目，添充30kg之上/㎡，添充薄厚不少于35毫米；pvc颗粒直徑1-2mm，添充5-8kg/㎡，薄厚不少于5毫米。

2、标准规范及规定
1）选用拉丝站立型构造（单彩带筋）人造草应是技术性优秀、特性优质、国家发明专利验证商品、使用期较长、有利于维护 保养的环境保护名优产品。草高:50毫米，草苗成分为高品质高压聚乙烯。恰当安裝后，能保证 在一切正常的应用全过程中安全性、靠谱，并做到相关要求的规定；
2）人造草坪底布选用三层复合型构造，在长短、总宽、直线方位规格和构造可靠性应确保不少于八年，可承受不一样气侯的危害，如紫外光、体内湿气、热冷标准等；抗湿性、防腐蚀性优，耐磨性能强。常用天然乳胶务必环境保护且与针刺无纺布很强的黏附力。人造草联接带应是专用型联接带，使用期不可小于八年；
3）石英砂和黑封口胶厚达35毫M之上，务必应用充砂机，做到外型整平，场所延展性适度。
编号 內容 规格型号或标准值
1 加工工艺（手工编织方法） 簇绒法平行线走针
2 主要用途 足球队/智能运动场地
3 草化学纤维材料 100% Thiolon®進口挤压型棱形带黑纱线抗紫外光化学纤维拉丝
4 草化学纤维总宽 1.4mm
5 草化学纤维薄厚 205μm
6 针刺无纺布 翠绿色复合型耐碱网格布
7 背胶 丁苯天然乳胶
8 护坡高宽比 50±5% mm
9 针位（机械设备间距） 5/8
10 织距 17针/10厘米
11 护坡相对密度 10710针/ m2
12 色调 田园风光绿/柠檬绿
二、施工顺序
基坑开挖→素土夯实→250Mm厚煤灰碎石→辗压振平→铺设200mm厚基土辗压平整→铺设人造草坪→石英砂、黑封口胶
二、地基基础：
1、平整场地前要与招标方明确场所设计标高，待明确后，刚开始挖、补土方回填至建筑标高，余土运输至特定地址。
2、余土运输后，刚开始对素土壤层开展辗压振平，其流程以下：
振动压路机的辗压行车速率刚开始时须用慢速度，较大 速率不超过4km/h；辗压时平行线段由两侧向正中间，小半经曲线图段由里侧向两侧，竖向胜败式开展；横着连接头对小型压路机一般净重0.4—0.5m。对三轮压路机重合后胎宽的1/2，前后左右邻近两区间竖向重合1.0—1.5m。应做到无漏压、无死角，保证 辗压匀称，压实度超过95%。
如部分需应用夯锤夯实时，首遍各夯位宜紧贴，若有空隙，则不超15厘米，次遍夯位应压在首遍夯位的间隙上，这般持续压实直到做到要求的密实度。
三、煤灰碎石层工程施工
该项工程项目为人造草坪足球场地渗漏层（煤灰碎石层）工程施工；渗漏层选用煤灰碎石铺设（碎石料径为0.5~2.5毫米），在铺设前要将排水管道盲管铺设结束。
沙粒铺设前对场所区划成5C×5C的地区，再将粗沙各自置放于工程施工地区中，再用人工服务对每片地区开展刮铺平均。
粗风化层铺设时要留出虚铺高宽比，用500kg小压路机开展辗压整平。
1、碎石填方
碎石原材料应考虑标准及设计方案规定，粒度0.5毫米—2.5毫米。碎石表层应清理，碎石放置铺设选用人工服务铺设。碎石铺设应齐整标准，孔隙度应清楚便于确保水流顺畅。 选用中粗砂原材料，含粉量不超过5%，中粗砂层铺设选用人工服务铺设方式 ，人工服务铺设的外型应齐整顺适，平面几何规格应考虑标准和设计方案规定。
四、200mm厚栽种土壤层铺设
1、煤灰碎石层平面度、密实度合乎设计方案规定，铺设栽种土壤层薄厚为200mm，为砂、土化合物，依照砂：土=7：3的占比配制搅拌，粗砂为河砂、结晶状，机械设备拌和混和匀称，挖掘机平整，刮平机平整。
五、草地铺设
1、工程施工生产流程
（1）、在人造草商品入场工程施工前，最先要对场所基本的平面度、倾斜度和表层感观开展检验，在其中平面度的偏差不可超出3M刻度尺2mm，依据地域气候特点、年均值降水量的尺寸、较大 降水量等要素，综合性考虑到场所的排水管坡度，一般为0.3%—0.7%，如平面度和倾斜度达不上设计方案规定或所述指标值，则必须对场所基本开展整顿，在做到设计方案规定或所述规定后，即可入场工程施工；
次之，消除基本上全部脏物、浮砂，清洗整洁后，当然晾晒或用离心风机烘干。
（2）、施工放线（精确测量），找到场所的定位点和2个半圆形圆心点，并依据此三个选择点拉尺施工放线，定下场所中心线和边框线相交点，随后以勾股定理定下场所中角、点、线的精确部位；或按施工图纸的规定，依照FIFA的规范开展精确测量，定下各作用点、线的部位；并且用素描排线或漆线细心、清楚的画在场所的基本表层上。全部的一条线都务必是多线。
（3）、将草皮搬进场所沿一条边框线的方位伸开，并保证 卷草中所织的一条线与道德底线相符合，随后各卷草皮先后由一端的道德底线向另一端推动，另外，需保证 一条线与所测画的道德底线相符合，在草皮伸开全过程中，尽量避免皱褶的出現。随后使人造草到场地面上停车一天，使其伸缩式到当然部位后，即可开展事后工艺流程。
（4）、将此外手工编织的乳白色草皮一部分，则务必以手工制作剪裁成总宽为120Mm的白线框，置放一边备用。
（5）、将翠绿色草皮各接口处钢筋搭接2-3厘M，用裁草推刀从钢筋搭接处中央政府割开，使两侧的草皮尽量钢筋搭接紧凑型，随后以裁纸刀开展剪修。
（6）、将20或30厘M宽的联接带沿草皮接口处铺平,放进草皮下边，尽可能使草皮的接缝处坐落于联接带的中央政府（假如被降水弄湿，需晾干大半天使之干躁），随后将万能胶水用橡皮擦刮刀匀称地涂刮在联接携带，再把两侧的草皮拼接，粘胶于联接携带，并且用硫化橡胶锤敲打，力求使融合一部分粘合密不可分。假如弄直后拼接处间隙很大，可在这里隔2-5厘M划开一道，向连接处拉申，以保证 外观设计美观大方。
2、草皮驳接工程施工关键点
1)、在驳接缝的全过程中，依照体育场的长边刚开始从一边往另一边开展接缝处驳接，一定要留意驳接带的正反面状况，另外在点胶全过程中一定要匀称刷涂待干后再开展黏合，黏合接缝处准予空隙在1-3mm范畴内，倘若超出过大，便会出現显著的接缝处印痕。
2)、在草皮基础拼凑结束后，再度吊线定下各作用线、点的精确部位，以裁纸刀割开，抽出来切下来的草条，将联接带放进，刮点胶水，把原来准备好的乳白色草线放入，粉细砂后，用硫化橡胶锤不断敲打，力求联接一部分粘结密不可分。
3）、一条线驳接工程施工关键点
划线在开展激光切割时要留意激光切割草的宽和乳白色草线总宽相同，一般状况下不可以超出2mm，也要留意激光切割的平行线性。在黏合一条线时，一定要将强力胶匀称刷涂，使其黏贴竖直、坚固。
4）、当草皮铺筑拼凑结束后，草皮上摺折的部分必须以裁纸刀张口，弄直连接，摘除重合的部分，随后粉细砂；
5）、草皮粘合工程施工关键点
粘合前须将粘合的草皮底边、驳接带、接缝处布等清理整洁，且表层干躁无水份；工作温度先要在5℃之上工程施工为宜，不适合在雨天和霉雨气温下工程施工，不然会造成粘合時间太长乃至造成不粘状况。草皮所有粘合结束后，刚开始用刷草机或疏齿竹耙开展整理:第一遍用刷草机或疏齿竹耙将整场的倒伏的草线梳立起来。
6）、到此草皮的铺设工程施工所有进行。
六、道路标线安裝
在全部接缝处工程项目竣工以后，再开展足球场地的划线工程项目，严苛依照设计图和国际田联的规范开展划线工程项目。划线在开展激光切割时，要留意激光切割的平行线性。在黏合一条线时，一定要将黏合剂匀称刷涂，使其黏贴稳合。
1）、按中国足协运动场地标准规划设计，施工放样标识足球场地各类标识线等。
2）、按施工放样设计方案将足球场标识线割开，在切割线上铺装紧密连接底布固定不动于基本面，并在焊接面上与人造草反面刷上紧密连接胶，待黏合剂干固到50％时再次紧密连接，紧密连接后将重叠接处整修齐平。
3）、道路标线铺设进行后需查验各接区是不是牢固并查验各交线工作交接视角及线框是不是齐平。
七、 石英砂铺设（35毫米之上）
1)、在划线工程项目所有完毕后，刚开始开展注砂/封口胶工程项目，在注砂/封口胶全过程中，一定要留意注砂/封口胶的匀称度，而且务必应用充砂机。待人工草皮运动场地的确安裝完工，即可铺设石英砂。
2）、人造草专用型石英砂铺一键装机由性格外向内铺设，依26±1㎏/㎡铺设量铺设，铺一键装机前行速率及铺洒量需均值。
3）、石英砂铺设后需查验是不是整平及充裕，不够处需酌量添铺。铺设中发觉有其他残渣时，需立即清除铺。
4）、铺设石英砂及场所须维持干躁，以利于石砂之流动性铺设。
八、 延展性颗粒物铺设（35毫米之上）
1）、待石英砂铺设进行后，即可铺设延展性颗粒物。
2）、延展性颗粒物之铺设同石英砂铺设一样由性格外向内铺设，依5±1㎏/㎡铺设量铺设，铺一键装机前行速率及铺设量需均值。
3）、延展性颗粒物铺设后需查验是不是整平及充裕，不够处需酌量添铺。
九、质量检测
草地铺设齐整、无凸凹不平状况，草地接缝处竖直、粘结坚固、不脱胶。安裝后的人造草苗颜色一致、不退色、持续丝、长度匀称、无显著接缝处、品质优质、长久耐磨损、使用期长。石英砂和硫化橡胶粒铺设匀称，整平。场所画线规格合乎工程图纸规定，无歪曲状况。

一、路由器设置好DHCP服务，然后把网线插入到打印机网口上，重启施乐打印机并等待3分钟左右，这个时间是预留打印机获取IP的时间，然后长按打印机面板上的“登录”按钮。直到打印机液晶屏上显示输入密码的状态，输入默认账号“11111”，然后按“启动”键，当液晶屏上显示一个字母“P”时：
1、请在面板上输入 1008 按 启动看一下显示什么，8是自动IP，16是手动IP，如果是8就按启动键改成16再按启动建（切换到手动 IP）。
2、请在面板上输入“202”，然后，按两次“启动”键，登录打印机打印出设备状态页面。

二、在打印出来的页面上，看DHCP一栏的信息，找到打印机自动获取到的IP。这个IP地址就是打印机自动获取到的地址，我们需要把这个自动获取到的地址，改成固定的IP地址，以免下次重启打印机时，IP发生变动。

三、现在局域网的电脑上，打开浏览器输入打印机自动获取的IP回车。会弹出一个登陆页面，输入账号和密码(默认的账号11111和密码x-admin),点击登录，然后找到网络设置–TCP/IP设置,修改网络获取状态DHCP为手动输入，并修改下发的IP为您想设置的固定IP地址和网关等信息，并点击下发的重新应用设置，会提示重启打印机，然后设置完成。(如果此时报错，请重启打印机后，在重复上述操作即可。)

其次网络打印驱动的安装方法

设置好打印机的固定IP地址后，去官网搜索打印或扫描驱动，在电脑上安装打印或扫描驱动。
扫描仪驱动：fxdcs2520scan17101nwxpci00.zip
打印机驱动：fxdcs2520hb18011nwvt6izh.zip

打印机驱动安装

扫描仪驱动安装
注意选择本地安装，因为这款打印机不支持网络扫描。
其他打印机程序
安装见下图：
1、如图点击：

2、当弹出此警告，点击运行。

3、点击此界面的图标安装。

4、点击接受安装，下一步。

5、选择无线或者网络安装，下一步

6、会自动搜索出此打印机，然后点击下一步，直到安装成功即可。

昨天冬奥会开幕式上主席的英文名前边写H.E.是什么意思

HE（或 H.E.）是“Her/His Excellency”的缩写，意为“尊敬的某某阁下”，是对身份尊贵人士的尊称。